The National Institute for South China Sea Studies (NISCSS) and the Huayang Center for Maritime Cooperation and Ocean Governance established a research task force led by Dr. Wu Shicun, Chairman of the Huayang Center and Chairman of the Academic Committee of NISCSS, serves as Chief Expert. The team brought together leading scholars of international law from China and abroad. With legal support and advisory services provided by the London-based law firm Fietta LLP, the team prepared the report A New Critique of the South China Sea Arbitration Award and released it both in China and internationally. The report aims to subject the “South China Sea Arbitration Award” to renewed and rigorous academic scrutiny, identify the flaws in its legal reasoning, and assess its broader legal and practical consequences.